Desain grafis ~ Rumah Bakar

Desain grafis adalah suatu bentuk komunikasi visual yang menggunakan gambar untuk menyampaikan informasi atau pesan seefektif mungkin. Dalam desain grafis, teks juga dianggap gambar karena merupakan hasil abstraksi simbol-simbol yang bisa dibunyikan. Desain grafis diterapkan dalam desain komunikasi dan fine art. Seperti jenis desain lainnya, desain grafis dapat merujuk kepada proses pembuatan, metoda merancang, produk yang dihasilkan (rancangan), atau pun disiplin ilmu yang digunakan (desain).

Seni desain grafis mencakup kemampuan kognitif dan keterampilan visual, termasuk di dalamnya tipografi, ilustrasi, fotografi, pengolahan gambar, dan tata letak.

Daftar isi

[sembunyikan]

Batasan Media

Desain grafis pada awalnya diterapkan untuk media-media statis, seperti buku, majalah, dan brosur. Sebagai tambahan, sejalan dengan perkembangan zaman, desain grafis juga diterapkan dalam media elektronik, yang sering kali disebut sebagai desain interaktif atau desain multimedia.

Batas dimensi pun telah berubah seiring perkembangan pemikiran tentang desain. Desain grafis bisa diterapkan menjadi sebuah desain lingkungan yang mencakup pengolahan ruang.

dan unsur desain

Unsur dalam desain grafis sama seperti unsur dasar dalam disiplin desain lainnya. Unsur-unsur tersebut (termasuk shape, bentuk (form), tekstur, garis, ruang, dan warna) membentuk prinsip-prinsip dasar desain visual. Prinsip-prinsip tersebut, seperti keseimbangan (balance), ritme (rhythm), tekanan (emphasis), proporsi ("proportion") dan kesatuan (unity), kemudian membentuk aspek struktural komposisi yang lebih luas.

Peralatan desain grafis

Peralatan yang digunakan oleh desainer grafis adalah ide, akal, mata, tangan, alat gambar tangan, dan komputer. Sebuah konsep atau ide biasanya tidak dianggap sebagai sebuah desain sebelum direalisasikan atau dinyatakan dalam bentuk visual.

Pada pertengahan 1980, kedatangan desktop publishing serta pengenalan sejumlah aplikasi perangkat lunak grafis memperkenalkan satu generasi desainer pada manipulasi image dengan komputer dan penciptaan image 3D yang sebelumnya adalah merupakan kerja yang susah payah. Desain grafis dengan komputer memungkinkan perancang untuk melihat hasil dari tata letak atau perubahan tipografi dengan seketika tanpa menggunakan tinta atau pena, atau untuk mensimulasikan efek dari media tradisional tanpa perlu menuntut banyak ruang.

Seorang perancang grafis menggunakan sketsa untuk mengeksplorasi ide-ide yang kompleks secara cepat, dan selanjutnya ia memiliki kebebasan untuk memilih alat untuk menyelesaikannya, dengan tangan atau komputer.

Daftar Software Desain Grafis

Ada beberapa software yang digunakan dalam desain grafis:

Desktop publishing

Webdesign

Audiovisual

Adobe After Effect
Adobe Premier
Final Cut
Adobe Flash, atau sebelumnya Macromedia Flash
Ulead Video Studio
Magic Movie Edit Pro
Power Director

Rendering 3 Dimensi

3D StudioMax
Maya
AutoCad
Google SketchUp
Blender
Design is the planning that lays the basis for the making of every object or system. It can be used both as a noun and as a verb and, in a broader way, it means applied arts and engineering (See design disciplines below). As a verb, "to design" refers to the process of originating and developing a plan for a product, structure, system, or component with intention^[1]. As a noun, "a design" is used for either the final (solution) plan (e.g. proposal, drawing, model, description) or the result of implementing that plan in the form of the final product of a design process^[2]. This classification aside, in its broadest sense no other limitations exist and the final product can be anything from clothing to graphical user interfaces to skyscrapers. Even virtual concepts such as corporate identity and cultural traditions such as celebration of certain holidays^[3] are sometimes designed. More recently, processes (in general) have also been treated as products of design, giving new meaning to the term process design.
Design as a process

Design, as a process, can take many forms depending on the object being designed and the individual or individuals participating.

Defining a design process

According to video game developer Dino Dini, in a talk given at the 2005 Game Design and Technology Workshop held by Liverpool JM University, design underpins every form of creation from objects such as chairs to the way we plan and execute our lives. For this reason it is useful to seek out some common structure that can be applied to any kind of design, whether this be for video games, consumer products or one's own personal life.

For such an important concept, the question "What is Design?" appears to yield answers with limited usefulness. Dino Dini states that the design process can be defined as "The management of constraints". He identifies two kinds of constraint, negotiable and non-negotiable. The first step in the design process is the identification, classification and selection of constraints. The process of design then proceeds from here by manipulating design variables so as to satisfy the non-negotiable constraints and optimizing those which are negotiable. It is possible for a set of non-negotiable constraints to be in conflict resulting in a design with no solution; in this case the non-negotiable constraints must be revised. For example, take the design of a chair. A chair must support a certain weight to be useful, and this is a non-negotiable constraint. The cost of producing the chair might be another. The choice of materials and the aesthetic qualities of the chair might be negotiable.

Dino Dini theorizes that poor designs occur as a result of mismanaged constraints, something he claims can be seen in the way the video game industry makes "Must be Fun" a negotiable constraint where he believes it should be non-negotiable.

It should be noted that "the management of constraints" may not include the whole of what is involved in "constraint management" as defined in the context of a broader Theory of Constraints, depending on the scope of a design or a designer's position.

An architect at his drawing board, 1893. The Peter Arno phrase "Well, back to the old drawing board" makes light of the fact that designs sometimes fail and redesign is necessary. The phrase has meaning beyond structural designs and is an idiom when a drawing board is not used in a design.

Redesign

Something that is redesigned requires a different process than something that is designed for the first time. A redesign often includes an evaluation of the existent design and the findings of the redesign needs are often the ones that drive the redesign process. Some authors nevertheless suggest that from the evolutionary point of view the functionality, and even the aesthetic sophistication of artifacts is best understood as a result of redesign rather than design, as all successful artifacts are outcomes of cumulative improvements.

Typical steps

A design process may include a series of steps followed by designers. Depending on the product or service, some of these stages may be irrelevant, ignored in real-world situations in order to save time, reduce cost, or because they may be redundant in the situation.